Depression Treatment Is Not Associated With Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Total Joint Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate if there were differences in disease-specific, overall health, and activity outcomes after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) between treated and untreated depressed patients.MethodsPatients who underwent primary, elective, unilateral TJA were divided into 3 groups based on self-reported history of depression and treatment at the time of surgery: 1) patients without depression, 2) patients with treated depression, and 3) patients with untreated depression. The primary outcomes were the differences in SF-12 PCS, SF-12 MCS, WOMAC, and UCLA activity rating scale up to 12 months postoperatively. A secondary outcome was the effect of depression treatment on patients’ perception of experiencing limitation in their activities due to depression. Univariate and mixed-effects model analyses were performed to control for potential confounding factors.ResultsThe prevalence of depression was 189/749 (25%). Compared to patients with treated depression, untreated patients had lower baseline SF-12 MCS (P < .001) and were more likely to have Medicaid insurance (P < .001). After controlling for potential confounding factors, there were no differences in either the absolute scores or net changes in any of the assessed outcomes at 12 months postoperatively among depressed patients regardless of treatment (P > .05). In addition, depression treatment did not affect patients’ perception of activity limitation (P = .412).ConclusionAlthough it is clear that depression adversely impacts patient outcomes in primary TJA, treatment does not appear to mitigate this negative effect. Depression treatment does not necessarily imply resolution of depressive symptoms. Future studies should explore alternative interventions to reduce the health-related consequences of depression to optimize the outcomes of TJA.     

从肝脾论治成年女性特应性皮炎

目的:特应性皮炎的发病及治疗存在很大的异质性,在治疗方面特别强调个体化治疗,本文主要总结成年女性特应性皮炎的治疗思路和方法。方法:基于肝脾两脏的生理、病理及成年女性特应性皮炎的临床表现,深入分析其病因病机及治疗方法。结果:女性成年特应性皮炎患者常肝脾同病,肝郁脾虚湿蕴和肝郁脾虚血弱是成年女性特应性皮炎的常见证型,临床可采用疏肝健脾祛湿法和疏肝健脾养血法进行治疗。典型病例中采用肝脾同调法不但可以改善患者的皮疹,也可有效缓解瘙痒和不良情绪。结论:肝脾同调法是治疗成年女性特应性皮炎的有效方法。     

人文关怀在晚期癌症患者疼痛护理中的应用

目的分析人文关怀在晚期癌症患者疼痛护理中的应用效果,并探讨其对患者不良情绪等的影响。方法在我院2017年1月-2019年1月实施治疗的晚期癌症患者中随机选取120例作为研究对象,将患者随机分两组,其中对照组60例患者实施常规护理,观察组60例患者在常规护理基础上加上人文关怀,对比两组患者护理后的疼痛情况、护理效果以及不良情绪改善效果。结果护理后,观察组患者的疼痛缓解有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);护理后,观察组患者的焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪评分和对照组相比偏低(P<0.05);护理后,观察组患者的临床护理满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论人文关怀在晚期癌症患者护理中的应用,有助于显著改善患者的疼痛症状,改善患者焦虑及抑郁不良情绪,提高护理满意度,效果显著。     

超脉冲CO2点阵激光联合PRP治疗面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕疗效分析

目的:探究超脉冲CO2点阵激光联合富血小板血浆(PRP)治疗面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕的疗效。方法:72例面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者,随机分为观察组(36例)和对照组(36例)。对照组采用超脉冲CO2点阵激光治疗,观察组采用超脉冲CO2点阵激光联合PRP治疗。比较两组患者的灰度差异、时间指标、瘢痕程度、疼痛、不良反应及视觉评估。结果:观察组的并发症发生率为11.11%,低于对照组的36.11%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的灰度差异率均减小,且观察组患者的灰度差异率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的炎性渗出时间、红肿时间、愈合时间、停工时间及瘢痕程度评分均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但疼痛度评分组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:超脉冲CO2点阵激光联合PRP治疗面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕效果较好,可有效降低瘢痕程度,减少治疗时间及并发症的发生,帮助患者迅速回归正常工作与生活,值得临床推广使用。     

Multimodal fusion of structural and functional brain imaging in depression using linked independent component analysis

Previous structural and functional neuroimaging studies have implicated distributed brain regions and networks in depression. However, there are no robust imaging biomarkers that are specific to depression, which may be due to clinical heterogeneity and neurobiological complexity. A dimensional approach and fusion of imaging modalities may yield a more coherent view of the neuronal correlates of depression. We used linked independent component analysis to fuse cortical macrostructure (thickness, area, gray matter density), white matter diffusion properties and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging default mode network amplitude in patients with a history of depression (n = 170) and controls (n = 71). We used univariate and machine learning approaches to assess the relationship between age, sex, case–control status, and symptom loads for depression and anxiety with the resulting brain components. Univariate analyses revealed strong associations between age and sex with mainly global but also regional specific brain components, with varying degrees of multimodal involvement. In contrast, there were no significant associations with case–control status, nor symptom loads for depression and anxiety with the brain components, nor any interaction effects with age and sex. Machine learning revealed low model performance for classifying patients from controls and predicting symptom loads for depression and anxiety, but high age prediction accuracy. Multimodal fusion of brain imaging data alone may not be sufficient for dissecting the clinical and neurobiological heterogeneity of depression. Precise clinical stratification and methods for brain phenotyping at the individual level based on large training samples may be needed to parse the neuroanatomy of depression.     

Feeling addressed! The neural processing of social communicative cues in patients with major depression

The feeling of being addressed is the first step in a complex processing stream enabling successful social communication. Social impairments are a relevant characteristic of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we investigated a mechanism which—if impaired—might contribute to withdrawal or isolation in MDD, namely, the neural processing of social cues such as body orientation and gesture. During funtional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquisition, 33 patients with MDD and 43 healthy control subjects watched video clips of a speaking actor: one version with a gesture accompanying the speech and one without gesture. Videos were filmed simultaneously from two different viewpoints: one with the actor facing the viewer head‐on (frontal) and one side‐view (lateral). After every clip, the participants were instructed to evaluate whether they felt addressed or not. Despite overall comparable addressment ratings and a large overlap in activation patterns in MDD and healthy subjects for gesture processing, the anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral superior/middle frontal cortex, and right angular gyrus were more strongly activated in patients than in healthy subjects for the frontal conditions. Our analyses revealed that patients showed specifically higher activation than healthy subjects for the frontal condition without gesture in regions including the posterior cingulate cortex, left prefrontal cortex, and the left hippocampus. We conclude that MDD patients can recognize and interpret social cues such as gesture or body orientation; however, they seem to require more neural resources. This additional effort might affect successful communication and contribute to social isolation in MDD.     

The combined relations of gender,enculturation, and depressive symptoms with health risk behaviors in Mexican-Americans: a moderated mediation analysis

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The present study investigated the relationships of enculturation and depressive symptoms with health risk behavior engagement in Mexican-American college students and examined how these relationships differed by gender. Previous research has noted consistent gender differences in health risk behavior (e.g. alcohol use, substance use, and risky sexual behavior) among Latina/os, and emphasized the role of U.S. acculturation in this difference. Research examining the role of heritage cultural retention (i.e. enculturation), and including the added influence of mental health variables, such as depressive symptoms, is currently lacking. This study sought to address this gap.

Design: A large sample (N?=?677) of Mexican-American college students from four universities (located in New York, California, Florida, and Texas) completed an online questionnaire assessing health risk behaviors and corresponding variables.

Results: We found that males who endorsed more behavioral enculturation and depressive symptoms were more likely to engage in health risk behavior than all others in the sample. Contrary to previous literature, no relationship was found between behavioral enculturation and health risk behavior in females.

Conclusion: The current study found behavioral enculturation to be associated with depressive symptoms, and in turn with health risk behaviors among the males in our sample. Additional research will be needed to identify the mechanism underlying the relationship between enculturation and depressive symptoms as well as between depressive symptoms and risky behavior.     

冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰瘀互结证中医证候量表评价研究

[目的]探索冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰瘀互结证患者、气阴两虚证患者与健康人中医证候评价量表异同。[方法]通过多中心、小样本、精细化临床研究,纳入7家临床单位124例受试者,因未完成访视脱失7例,最终纳入受试者117例,其中冠心病痰瘀互结证患者38例,在西医常规治疗的基础上加服丹蒌片治疗,气阴两虚证患者39例,在西医常规治疗的基础上加服通脉养心丸治疗,健康人40例不予干预。比较冠心病患者0、4、8、12周、健康人第0周《冠心病痰瘀互结证中医证候评价量表》评分情况。[结果] 1)冠心病痰瘀互结证患者第4、8、12周时,各症状评分及舌下脉络青紫情况较0周不同程度降低(P0.05或P0.01)。2)冠心病气阴两虚证患者第4、8、12周时,各症状评分较0周有所下降(P0.05或P0.01)。3)与健康人比较,冠心病痰瘀互结证患者各项评分具有统计学差异(P0.01),冠心病气阴两虚证患者各症状评分及舌质紫暗、舌下脉络青紫、脉弦、脉涩情况具有统计学差异(P0.05或P0.01),冠心病两组患者各时点比较,部分指标及舌脉情况存在不同程度差异。4)冠心病痰瘀互结证患者0、8周时,身重、口黏腻、苔腻、脉滑、舌有瘀斑瘀点聚为一类,脉弦、舌质紫暗、舌下脉络青紫、脉涩、口唇青紫、面色晦暗聚为一类;冠心病气阴两虚证患者0、8周时,胸闷、胸痛、身重、口黏腻、口唇青紫、面色晦暗聚为一类,舌有瘀斑瘀点、舌质紫暗、脉涩聚为一类。[结论]冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰瘀互结证与气阴两虚证患者经治疗后,《冠心病痰瘀互结证中医证候评价量表》中相关症状表现均有所改善,且不同证型的表现不同。《冠心病痰瘀互结证中医证候评价量表》可以为进一步临床诊断冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰瘀互结证提供一定参考。